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Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore), is a municipality in the Thrissur district of Kerala, India. Kodungallur is 29 kilometres (18 mi) northwest of Kochi and 38 kilometres (24 mi) southwest of Thrissur, by National Highway 66 (formerly known as NH 17).Until recently, the location of one of the greatest seaports of the ancient eastern world, Muziris (ca. 100 BC – 1341 AD), was usually identified as being at Kodungallur. The settlement was an integral part of Mahodayapuram, the capital city of the kingdom of the Second Cheras. In the post-Chera period, the area was a feudal principality ruled by a royal family resident in the Kodungallur Kovilakam, subordinated during the early stages by the kingdom of Calicut under the zamorins, and at later stages by the Kingdom of Kochi, until India became independent.It is postulated that the city was devastated by natural calamities—a flood or an earth quake—in 1341, and consequently lost its commercial importance thereafter.[1] Further, it came under military attacks on various occasions: in 1504 by the Portuguese-Kochi allied forces during their movement against Calicut in 1524, by the Mappilas during their attack against the Portuguese, and in 1565 again by the Portuguese.The name Kodungallur is derived from Kodi-linga-puram ("the land of 10 million Siva lingas") according to common belief. Kodungallur was perhaps the revenue collection center of Kuda-kons (the Chera rulers) for the goods coming to the nearby port, hence the name Kudakonallur, which later shortened to Kodungallur.Historically, Kodungallur has been identified as Jangli, Gingaleh, Cyngilin, Shinkali, Chinkli, Jinkali, Shenkala and Cynkali, which are all derived from the name of the River Changala (or the Chain river, i.e., Shrinkhala in Sanskrit), a tributary of Periyar.[2] Columguria, Kotilingapuram, Kudalingapuram, Kodunkaliyur, Thiruvallur, Ravivisvapuram and Balakreetapuram are a few other names, identified as Kodungallur in various related records or literary works.Kodungallur was an integral part of Mahodayapuram, the capital city of the Later Chera dynasty.[3] During this period,[4] Muziris, a settlement near present-day Kodungallur, was an important trade link in Indian maritime history.[citation needed] The Roman empire had a continuous trading connection with this region. Along with pepper, commodities such as pearls, muslin, ivory, diamond, silk and perfumes were exported using the maritime facilities of Kodungallur. Sulaiman, an Arab visitor to Mahodayapuram during this period, recorded the economic prosperity of the region and also testified to the high morals kept by its people. Also, he describes the Chinese traders in the city; they are described as purchasing articles such as pepper, cinnamon, ivory, pearls, cotton fabrics and teak wood, while selling fishing nets, silk and porcelain goods.[5] Kodungallor also was an important gateway for cultural relations and laid the foundation of a composite culture in this part of the Chera country; Christianity, Judaism and Islam entered the region in the early centuries AD.In the 11th century, Mahodayapuram was captured by Rajendra Chola I of Chola dynasty. For the next few centuries, Kodungallur was a principality, named Padinjattedathu Swaroopam, under the control of a royal family, Kodungallur Kovilakam, allied either to kingdom of Cochin or to Calicut.[3] Muziris is supposed to be destroyed by massive flooding of Periyar in 14th century and consequently, the trade got diverted to other ancient ports of the Malabar coast, such as Kochi.[6]Traditional belief of Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala is that Thomas the Apostle landed in or around.
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